Sunday, April 26, 2009
Saturday, April 25, 2009
Christending Cake Ideas
mixité plant [verticalFARM]
TOWER LIVING _SoA architects
presentation
pianta_sezione
technology
credits:
designer _ SoA architectes
web_ http://www.ateliersoa.fr
anno_ 2005
committente_ City of Rennes and Cimbeton
località_ Rennes (35)
SHON & Capacity: 5 _ 0471 m² SHON, housing 127 + 8400 m² office
+ 6748 + 6957 m² of shops m² of greenhouses on the ground + 1 local library
Programma_ HQE Building strong in urban areas, including housing, offices, stores, greenhouse cultivation and subterreno media library in the district. 
TOWER LIVING _SoA architects
presentation
pianta_sezione
technology
credits:
designer _ SoA architectes
web_ http://www.ateliersoa.fr
anno_ 2005
committente_ City of Rennes and Cimbeton
località_ Rennes (35)
SHON & Capacity: 5 _ 0471 m² SHON, housing 127 + 8400 m² office
+ 6748 + 6957 m² of shops m² of greenhouses on the ground + 1 local library
Programma_ HQE Building strong in urban areas, including housing, offices, stores, greenhouse cultivation and subterreno media library in the district.
Friday, April 24, 2009
Rochester Mn Bikini Waxing
technologies for crops
HORTICULTURE IDROPON
source: Wikipedia
Hydroponics is a technology aimed the cultivation of plants in a nutrient solution (water containing nutrients), with or without the support of an inert medium (perlite, rock wool, etc.).. Hydroponics is made mostly in greenhouses to , requires considerable initial investment and high proficiency.
is still very productive and ergonomic use water efficiently, fertile izzanti and space, and (potentially) reduce pollution. To enhance this potential in such production systems is preferred affect the environment by acting, for example, the air temperature and / or the growth medium, the availability of light and the relative humidity of air.
Hydroponics has been used in the past mainly on studies of plant physiology.
Around 1860, Sachs and Knop, two German plant physiologists, recognizing how difficult it is to study qualitatively and quantitatively the essential nutrients in plants grown in a complex medium such as soil, grow plants with roots immersed in a solution of salts minerals, whose chemical composition was controlled within the limits set by the purity of pr Oducts chemicals available at that time.
Only since 1929, thanks to the genius of William F. Gericke, plant physiologist at the University of California (Berkeley), hydroponics has also been used to grow plants on a commercial scale (Santamaria, 2001).
addition to these two uses now traditional, hydroponics is proposed for other uses, some quite bizarre, other pioneering.
Biocompatibilità e autotossicità
Uno dei problemi che è stato affrontato negli studi finalizzati breeding of plants in extreme conditions is that the biocompatibility of the species when they are kept at the same time, and maybe even using the same solution and nutritious. For example, Mortley et al. (1998), peanut and sweet potato breeding in NFT, in monoculture or in intercoltura (in separate channels in which a nutrient solution was distributed shared), have shown that intercoltura of these two species reduces the production of peanut due to allelopathic exudates released from roots of sweet potato.
Thanks to a hydroponic system, Asao et al. (2003) have shown that the reduction of plant growth taro (Colocasia esculenta Schott) in monoculture can be attributed to aromatic acids such as benzoic acid, and aliphatic acids such as adipic acid, which is emitted from the roots of plants.
In nursery
To obtain material asexual propagation of artichoke high quality and affordable Temperini et al. (2000) have developed a hydroponic cultivation technique that allows to obtain certificates rooted shoots. The technique involves the cultivation of mother plants hailing from Roman artichoke micropropagation and recovered by telluric pathogens and viruses, and grown without soil in a protected environment; cycle crop plants are regularly treated with a plant growth regulator and pollarded to promote the release of offshoots from the rhizome. Subsequently, the offshoots are removed and cold stored until May when they are made to embed in alveolar containers for rooted shoots are capable of being transplanted in summer. Another application involves the use
dell'aeroponica to produce spores of AM fungi effectively free of substrate. The colonized root material can be sheared and to give an inoculum density of propagules very high. To produce saplings of acacia (Acacia mangium Willd.) Associated with mycorrhizae, the aeroponics has proved more effective than ground. In addition, beyond faster micorrizzazione mushrooms, this technique allows an increase in content of phosphorus and chlorophyll in plant tissues. For this reason, aeroponics is considered an innovative and appropriate technology to produce large quantities of saplings associated with soil micro-organisms such as mycorrhizal fungi, for reforestation of degraded lands in the humid tropics (Martin-Laurent et al., 1999).
hydroponics principles can be applied to in vitro, under aseptic conditions, in miniature greenhouses, the technique is called microponica. Through appropriate conditions, it seeks to stimulate fotoautotrofia of seedlings in vitro, and the change in the heterotrophic metabolism in autotrophic metabolism to make the plant closer to in vivo conditions.
For example, to facilitate the achievement of good levels of autonomy in autotrophic cultures of Passiflora incarnata L. was used a liquid culture medium of LS half-strength with reduced level of sucrose (1.5%), perlite and has been used as artificial substrate alternative to traditional gelling agents (Lucchesini et al., 2003).
healthy dietary and medicinal products
hydroponic cultivation also gives the possibility to produce vegetables with some aspects of quality have definitely improved, and sometimes special requirements dietetici (Santamaria e Valenzano, 2001). L’impiego di soluzioni nutritive con concentrazioni note, e quindi la possibilità di controllo quantitativo e qualitativo del processo di alimentazione idrica e minerale della pianta, rende l’idroponica particolarmente interessante per l’arricchimento minerale o la riduzione del contenuto di nitrati degli ortaggi da foglia (Charfeddine, 2004).
Un altro impiego dell’idroponica che suscita interesse è la coltivazione di piante medicinali quali echinacea (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, bardana (Arctium lappa L.), ginseng (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), gingko (Gingko biloba L.), ecc. (Hayden et al., 2004).
Più in particolare, l’aeroponica is a system that shows great potential for the production of clean roots, and more uniform ripening faster than the conventional technique of cultivation on soil (Table 1).
Link:
source: web _ Osman Ayala - Peter Santamaria , Department of Crop Sciences, University of Bari
HORTICULTURE IDROPON
For hydroponic mean one of the soilless cultivation techniques: the mineral nutrition is replaced by an inert substrate (expanded clay, perlite, vermiculite, coconut fiber, rock wool, zeolite , etc.).. The plant is watered with a nutrient solution composed of water and compounds (mostly inorganic) needed to make all the necessary elements normally recruited by mineral nutrition. The technique is also known by the term hydroponics.
source: Wikipedia
Hydroponics is a technology aimed the cultivation of plants in a nutrient solution (water containing nutrients), with or without the support of an inert medium (perlite, rock wool, etc.).. Hydroponics is made mostly in greenhouses to , requires considerable initial investment and high proficiency. is still very productive and ergonomic use water efficiently, fertile izzanti and space, and (potentially) reduce pollution. To enhance this potential in such production systems is preferred affect the environment by acting, for example, the air temperature and / or the growth medium, the availability of light and the relative humidity of air.
Hydroponics has been used in the past mainly on studies of plant physiology.
Around 1860, Sachs and Knop, two German plant physiologists, recognizing how difficult it is to study qualitatively and quantitatively the essential nutrients in plants grown in a complex medium such as soil, grow plants with roots immersed in a solution of salts minerals, whose chemical composition was controlled within the limits set by the purity of pr Oducts chemicals available at that time.
Only since 1929, thanks to the genius of William F. Gericke, plant physiologist at the University of California (Berkeley), hydroponics has also been used to grow plants on a commercial scale (Santamaria, 2001).
addition to these two uses now traditional, hydroponics is proposed for other uses, some quite bizarre, other pioneering.
in space or in Antarctica
The use of biological systems to support life in space has been studied since the beginning of anni ‘50, puntando sulla produzione di alghe (ad esempio clorella) per rigenerare l’ossigeno attraverso la fotosintesi (Golueke e Oswald, 1964). La ricerca ha poi interessato le piante superiori.
La Nasa (National aeronautics and space administration) conduce da quasi 30 anni ricerche sui supporti alla vita utilizzando specie quali batata e arachide come potenziali fonti alimentari per il pe rsonale impegnato nelle missioni spaziali. Le piante sono allevate in idroponica per valutare le loro risposte colturali, nutrizionali e fisiologiche in ambienti controllati. Recentemente, nel corso di una missione di ricerca sullo Space Shuttle Atlantis, è stato realizzato un ciclo completo di coltivazione soybeans in space, from sowing to
production of new seeds (Anonymous, 2002).
Even under extreme conditions such as those of the South Pole is proposed the use of hydroponics, to ensure the psychological and physiological well-being and maintain the eating habits of the personnel involved. On the other hand, high transport costs and long periods of isolation have led RESPONSIBLE ili research programs to evaluate and test the ability to produce directly in Antarctica edible plants in greenhouses with hydroponic systems (Campiotti et al., 1999).
To further improve le condizioni di vita in situazioni estreme, il gruppo di ricerca del Centro di agricoltura in ambiente controllato dell’Università dell’Arizona (Ua-ceac) sta sviluppando una camera di crescita che si compone per un terzo di una “sitting room” dove il personale in missione può entrare, e vedere le colture in produzione attraverso un muro di vetro.
Al momento, comunque, non è stata ancora condotta alcuna ricerca sui benefici psicologici di questa nuova proposta(Giacomelli, comunicazione personale).
The use of biological systems to support life in space has been studied since the beginning of anni ‘50, puntando sulla produzione di alghe (ad esempio clorella) per rigenerare l’ossigeno attraverso la fotosintesi (Golueke e Oswald, 1964). La ricerca ha poi interessato le piante superiori.
La Nasa (National aeronautics and space administration) conduce da quasi 30 anni ricerche sui supporti alla vita utilizzando specie quali batata e arachide come potenziali fonti alimentari per il pe rsonale impegnato nelle missioni spaziali. Le piante sono allevate in idroponica per valutare le loro risposte colturali, nutrizionali e fisiologiche in ambienti controllati. Recentemente, nel corso di una missione di ricerca sullo Space Shuttle Atlantis, è stato realizzato un ciclo completo di coltivazione soybeans in space, from sowing to
production of new seeds (Anonymous, 2002). Even under extreme conditions such as those of the South Pole is proposed the use of hydroponics, to ensure the psychological and physiological well-being and maintain the eating habits of the personnel involved. On the other hand, high transport costs and long periods of isolation have led RESPONSIBLE ili research programs to evaluate and test the ability to produce directly in Antarctica edible plants in greenhouses with hydroponic systems (Campiotti et al., 1999).
To further improve le condizioni di vita in situazioni estreme, il gruppo di ricerca del Centro di agricoltura in ambiente controllato dell’Università dell’Arizona (Ua-ceac) sta sviluppando una camera di crescita che si compone per un terzo di una “sitting room” dove il personale in missione può entrare, e vedere le colture in produzione attraverso un muro di vetro.
Al momento, comunque, non è stata ancora condotta alcuna ricerca sui benefici psicologici di questa nuova proposta(Giacomelli, comunicazione personale).
Biocompatibilità e autotossicità
Uno dei problemi che è stato affrontato negli studi finalizzati breeding of plants in extreme conditions is that the biocompatibility of the species when they are kept at the same time, and maybe even using the same solution and nutritious. For example, Mortley et al. (1998), peanut and sweet potato breeding in NFT, in monoculture or in intercoltura (in separate channels in which a nutrient solution was distributed shared), have shown that intercoltura of these two species reduces the production of peanut due to allelopathic exudates released from roots of sweet potato.
Thanks to a hydroponic system, Asao et al. (2003) have shown that the reduction of plant growth taro (Colocasia esculenta Schott) in monoculture can be attributed to aromatic acids such as benzoic acid, and aliphatic acids such as adipic acid, which is emitted from the roots of plants.
In nursery
To obtain material asexual propagation of artichoke high quality and affordable Temperini et al. (2000) have developed a hydroponic cultivation technique that allows to obtain certificates rooted shoots. The technique involves the cultivation of mother plants hailing from Roman artichoke micropropagation and recovered by telluric pathogens and viruses, and grown without soil in a protected environment; cycle crop plants are regularly treated with a plant growth regulator and pollarded to promote the release of offshoots from the rhizome. Subsequently, the offshoots are removed and cold stored until May when they are made to embed in alveolar containers for rooted shoots are capable of being transplanted in summer. Another application involves the use dell'aeroponica to produce spores of AM fungi effectively free of substrate. The colonized root material can be sheared and to give an inoculum density of propagules very high. To produce saplings of acacia (Acacia mangium Willd.) Associated with mycorrhizae, the aeroponics has proved more effective than ground. In addition, beyond faster micorrizzazione mushrooms, this technique allows an increase in content of phosphorus and chlorophyll in plant tissues. For this reason, aeroponics is considered an innovative and appropriate technology to produce large quantities of saplings associated with soil micro-organisms such as mycorrhizal fungi, for reforestation of degraded lands in the humid tropics (Martin-Laurent et al., 1999).
hydroponics principles can be applied to in vitro, under aseptic conditions, in miniature greenhouses, the technique is called microponica. Through appropriate conditions, it seeks to stimulate fotoautotrofia of seedlings in vitro, and the change in the heterotrophic metabolism in autotrophic metabolism to make the plant closer to in vivo conditions.
For example, to facilitate the achievement of good levels of autonomy in autotrophic cultures of Passiflora incarnata L. was used a liquid culture medium of LS half-strength with reduced level of sucrose (1.5%), perlite and has been used as artificial substrate alternative to traditional gelling agents (Lucchesini et al., 2003).
healthy dietary and medicinal products
hydroponic cultivation also gives the possibility to produce vegetables with some aspects of quality have definitely improved, and sometimes special requirements dietetici (Santamaria e Valenzano, 2001). L’impiego di soluzioni nutritive con concentrazioni note, e quindi la possibilità di controllo quantitativo e qualitativo del processo di alimentazione idrica e minerale della pianta, rende l’idroponica particolarmente interessante per l’arricchimento minerale o la riduzione del contenuto di nitrati degli ortaggi da foglia (Charfeddine, 2004).
Un altro impiego dell’idroponica che suscita interesse è la coltivazione di piante medicinali quali echinacea (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, bardana (Arctium lappa L.), ginseng (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), gingko (Gingko biloba L.), ecc. (Hayden et al., 2004).
Più in particolare, l’aeroponica is a system that shows great potential for the production of clean roots, and more uniform ripening faster than the conventional technique of cultivation on soil (Table 1).
Table 1 - Advantages dell'aeroponica compared to the traditional cultivation of crops on the ground root (phytochemicals).
1. Higher plant densities for the lack of competition for water and nutrients and the use of a structure A.
2. Increased production per unit area.
3. Roots sound, clean, senza terreno e parassiti che vivono nel terreno o adulterazioni da infestanti.
4. Cicli di coltivazione accelerati grazie all’aumentata velocità di crescita e di maturazione.
5. Potenzialità di aumentare la produzione di radici e dei relativi principi attivi (fitochimici) grazie all’uniformità di distribuzione dell’acqua e dei nutrienti, nonché al ridotto rischio di malattie.
6. Minore impiego di acqua e nutrienti grazie al ricircolo della soluzione nutritiva.
7. Indipendenza dal terreno e dal clima quando l’allevamento è in ambiente controllato.
8. Controllo correct the root zone by manipulating the composition of the solution nutrient, temperature and media used.
9. Ability to run multiple collections from a single roots of perennial crop.
1. Higher plant densities for the lack of competition for water and nutrients and the use of a structure A.
2. Increased production per unit area.
3. Roots sound, clean, senza terreno e parassiti che vivono nel terreno o adulterazioni da infestanti.
4. Cicli di coltivazione accelerati grazie all’aumentata velocità di crescita e di maturazione.
5. Potenzialità di aumentare la produzione di radici e dei relativi principi attivi (fitochimici) grazie all’uniformità di distribuzione dell’acqua e dei nutrienti, nonché al ridotto rischio di malattie.
6. Minore impiego di acqua e nutrienti grazie al ricircolo della soluzione nutritiva.
7. Indipendenza dal terreno e dal clima quando l’allevamento è in ambiente controllato.
8. Controllo correct the root zone by manipulating the composition of the solution nutrient, temperature and media used.
9. Ability to run multiple collections from a single roots of perennial crop.
Link:
in space or in Antarctica http://www.ag.arizona.edu/ceac/
hydroponics and aquaculture http://www.hydronov.com/Hydronov_10_E.htm
For the urban green http://www.anstj.org/enviro/rnste5/Images/cultures_morel.pdf
Phytochemicals http://ag.arizona.edu/ceac/research/archive/aeroponic_medicinals.pdf
dietary and medicinal products http://www.nativeamericanbotanics.com/page_photogallery.html
Project humus (Chernobyl) http://www.progettohumus.it/
hydroponics and aquaculture http://www.hydronov.com/Hydronov_10_E.htm
For the urban green http://www.anstj.org/enviro/rnste5/Images/cultures_morel.pdf
Phytochemicals http://ag.arizona.edu/ceac/research/archive/aeroponic_medicinals.pdf
dietary and medicinal products http://www.nativeamericanbotanics.com/page_photogallery.html
Project humus (Chernobyl) http://www.progettohumus.it/
source: web _ Osman Ayala - Peter Santamaria , Department of Crop Sciences, University of Bari
Thursday, April 23, 2009
Why Is There Red Dots In My Poo
horticulture APPLICATION OF THERAPEUTIC PATIENTS FOR POST-comatose ®
History
The beneficial effects of human contact with nature are already dating at the time of the ancient Egypt. And 'in fact documented the effect of "calming" of a garden on people with mental disorders (Lewis, 1976). But only in the period between the beginning and the end del'700 800 in some clinics in the United States of America, United Kingdom and Spain is rediscovered the relationship between man and plants and begins to be framed as a real therapeutic tool.
In 1798, Benjamin Rush, considered one of the founders of psychiatry, announced that it had found a positive effect resulting from work done with plants at a farm, for people with mental disorders (Tereshkovich, 1975). The results favored a similar number of new trials in both the U.S. and Europe.
This line of thinking has led to build institutions for mental disorders in rural areas in order to actively involve patients in their farming activities to obtain, thus, further evidence of the beneficial effect of tillage on the part of patients with mental disorders.
Only in the twentieth century the therapeutic horticulture (OFFT) begins to be regarded as real and widespread means of therapy. This
especially after the world wars, which caused a high number of injuries and disabilities. In 1917, the Department for Employment of Women Bloomingdale Hospital in White Plains, New York, offered an opportunity for education in horticulture.
This is the first occasion when it was available in a preparation course for horticulture professionals for health care (Tereshkovich, 1975).
The advent of the Second World War marked a decisive step in the development of OFFT.
therapists introduced the cultivation of plants and gardening among Activity of the rehabilitation programs (Lewis, 1976). An important result achieved by the use of OFFT was a decrease of the average period of hospitalization for individuals with physical problems for those with mental disorders (McDonald, 1995).
In 1959, the Rusk Institute for Rehabilitative Medicine in New York started a program OFFT in a greenhouse attached to the Institute.
This program promoted the development of OFFT and moving into new frontiers, making the therapist OFFT part of a response team along with doctors and psychologists and using the OFFT for both diagnostic and for rehabilitation (Lewis, 1976). Since its inception, the program was an important example of the effectiveness of OFFT in treating patients with physical and psychological problems.
Recent years have witnessed the passage of a series of isolated initiatives to an organization and unification of the same notes with the formation of associations like the American Horticultural Therapy Association (AHTA) and the Canadian Horticultural Therapy Association (CHTA).
THE USE OF OFFT as a therapeutic tool
horticultural therapy is a process in which a restructured system, the identity of the plant and gardening and horticultural activities closely related to it, are used to motivate people to achieve a therapeutic and rehabilitative promoting their psychological well-being and their social integration. The uniqueness of the therapy lies in its concreteness and simplicity, flexibility and diversity of application, satisfaction of time and space.
Horticulture provides the ideal environment to provide incentives and to achieve personal satisfaction.
The people involved in treatment programs can learn new skills to achieve a particular objective linked to development, or they can recover the lost capacity by improving their quality of life.
The potential benefits of this activity are:
Incremento dell’autostima:
la cura di una pianta richiede un impegno che spesso è alla portata di tutti, ed i risultati conseguiti sono facilmente visibili ed in grado di dare soddisfazione al paziente, permettendogli di acquisire fiducia e stima;
Interazione con gli altri:
queste attività servono ai pazienti per socializzare ed interagire tra loro,infatti, durante il lavoro, sono molteplici le circostanze che favoriscono l’interazione;
Aumento delle capacità di controllo:
con queste attività, il paziente può apprendere metodi appropriati per affrontare situazioni di conflitto e sviluppare comportamenti migliori di self-control;
Involvement physical
based on residual capacity of the patient, the level of difficulty of the task performed can be increased, and the constant motion of the body allows the coordination of muscular activity, training of unused muscles, increasing strength muscle, improving balance;
Developing knowledge:
the patient may be motivated to acquire new knowledge, such as the propagation of plants, repotting and preparation of soils;
Development Work attitudes: the
OFFT helps the patient to the development of the attitude and work skills that will help you to become a person capable of moving with ease, in any work environment
OBJECTIVES OF TERAPIA_ORTIcolturale
The goal of therapy is to build an experimental new to the area, but note participants, in an exclusive and protected, under the guidance of professionals more aware and careful.
ortocolturale appearance was viewed by an engineer but, clearly, the primary aim was the observation of behavior and reactions of the participants.
to get to know you better in active situations perceive and evaluate different types character and behavior of individual participants, while the "modularity" of horticulture, broken down into sub-tasks with different levels of difficulty and involvement, allows you to find a suitable job for each and the rest is done by the familiarity with the activities of this green the participants and the opportunity to enjoy a tangible results of their work.
Friday, April 17, 2009
Wednesday, April 15, 2009
Tuesday, April 14, 2009
Best Way To Cook Marinated Lamb
LUOGHI_OSMOSI_SOCIETA 'TERRITORIO_ AND DYNAMIC PROCESSES AND SOCIAL CONTEXT
TOGETHER FOR ARCHITECTURE AND ANTHROPOLOGY compose SOCIAL AND CULTURAL DYNAMICS IN A PROJECT THAT SHOWS HOW THE SIZE OF 'MAN IS AT THE HEART OF THE CITY'
interpretations:
_ETNOLOGIA
_ECOLOGIA HUMAN
_ANTROPOLOGIA URBAN
economic and ecological systems:
1. Extensibility '
2. AUTOCOSTRUIBILITA '
3. FLEXIBILITY '
4. Sustainability '(PROPOSING A LOW TECHNOLOGY COMPONENTS EASILY
FEASIBLE)
design hypothesis
Nomad CITY'. INFORMAL HOUSING, SHELTERS AND FIELDS ROM OCCASIONALI
TRASFORMARE L'INSEDIAMENTO DA "PROVVISORIO" A "PERMANENTE" ATTRAVERSO UN RECUPERO ARCHITETTONICO ED URBANISTICO CAPACE DI FARNE UN HABITAT ECOLOGICAMENTE ED ECONOMICAMENTE SOSTENIBILE.
SI PROPONE LA PROGETTAZIONE DI UN NUCLEO BASE IN GRADO DI GARANTIRE DIVERSI TAGLI DI ALLOGGI, UNA CERTA CRESCITA DELLA FAMIGLIA E UNA VARIABILE PLANIMETRICA DI CIRCA 30-35 CMQ INIZIALI ED ESPANDIBILI NEL TEMPO IN AUTOCOSTRUZIONE FINO A 80-100 CMQ. IL NUCLEO DOVRA' CONTENERE SERVIZI IGIENICI, CUCINA E ZONA NOTTE, ATTREZZATO CON PANNELLI FOTOVOLTAICI PER L'ENERGIA ELETTRICA E PANNELLI A SOLARE TERMICO PER LA PRODUZIONE DI ACQUA CALDA.
LE ABITAZIONI DOVRANNO ESSERE PROVVISTE Of open space and veranda THE LIVING AND THE POSSIBILITY 'OF temporarily park a caravan or a camper. The site WILL 'BE WITH PARKING AREA AND AN AREA OF WORK AND SALES OF CRAFT ITEMS OF INDOOR SPACES FOR CHILDREN AND WILL' TO ENSURE THE FUTURE AS 'In terms of the surroundings URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL, SAFETY AND QUALITY 'OF LIVING SPACE COLLECTIVE CREATING TOGETHER TO MANAGE.
"UPGRADING" IMPROVEMENT
legalized and make progress FROM THE FIRST, providing the context for service and to restructure the existing HOME Dilapidated
. . . TOWARDS A Nomad PROPERTY "
SYSTEM FOR U WITH THE COURT TO OPEN SOUTH usual arrangement of Roma. A COURTYARD TO SEE ALL IN ALL Possoni. CHILDREN AND PUBLIC AREAS TO 'INSIDE THE CENTRAL SQUARE.
LEARN BY ROMI
ROM I spend all their time living. DO NOT PRODUCE, CREATE... A GREAT LESSON FOR ANXIETY PLACE OF PRODUCTION AND THE LEVEL OF OUR TIME.
HOW TO INFORM THE CITY '?
_UPGRADING HOUSING ROM
_CAMPUS UNIVERSITY OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH
_BIBLIOTECA MULTICULTURAL
_LABORATORI THEME
_CAMPI SCOUT (the Roma camp host for short periods scout groups)
TOGETHER FOR ARCHITECTURE AND ANTHROPOLOGY compose SOCIAL AND CULTURAL DYNAMICS IN A PROJECT THAT SHOWS HOW THE SIZE OF 'MAN IS AT THE HEART OF THE CITY'
interpretations:
_ETNOLOGIA
_ECOLOGIA HUMAN
_ANTROPOLOGIA URBAN
economic and ecological systems:
1. Extensibility '
2. AUTOCOSTRUIBILITA '
3. FLEXIBILITY '
4. Sustainability '(PROPOSING A LOW TECHNOLOGY COMPONENTS EASILY
FEASIBLE)
design hypothesis
Nomad CITY'. INFORMAL HOUSING, SHELTERS AND FIELDS ROM OCCASIONALI
TRASFORMARE L'INSEDIAMENTO DA "PROVVISORIO" A "PERMANENTE" ATTRAVERSO UN RECUPERO ARCHITETTONICO ED URBANISTICO CAPACE DI FARNE UN HABITAT ECOLOGICAMENTE ED ECONOMICAMENTE SOSTENIBILE.
SI PROPONE LA PROGETTAZIONE DI UN NUCLEO BASE IN GRADO DI GARANTIRE DIVERSI TAGLI DI ALLOGGI, UNA CERTA CRESCITA DELLA FAMIGLIA E UNA VARIABILE PLANIMETRICA DI CIRCA 30-35 CMQ INIZIALI ED ESPANDIBILI NEL TEMPO IN AUTOCOSTRUZIONE FINO A 80-100 CMQ. IL NUCLEO DOVRA' CONTENERE SERVIZI IGIENICI, CUCINA E ZONA NOTTE, ATTREZZATO CON PANNELLI FOTOVOLTAICI PER L'ENERGIA ELETTRICA E PANNELLI A SOLARE TERMICO PER LA PRODUZIONE DI ACQUA CALDA.
LE ABITAZIONI DOVRANNO ESSERE PROVVISTE Of open space and veranda THE LIVING AND THE POSSIBILITY 'OF temporarily park a caravan or a camper. The site WILL 'BE WITH PARKING AREA AND AN AREA OF WORK AND SALES OF CRAFT ITEMS OF INDOOR SPACES FOR CHILDREN AND WILL' TO ENSURE THE FUTURE AS 'In terms of the surroundings URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL, SAFETY AND QUALITY 'OF LIVING SPACE COLLECTIVE CREATING TOGETHER TO MANAGE.
"UPGRADING" IMPROVEMENT
legalized and make progress FROM THE FIRST, providing the context for service and to restructure the existing HOME Dilapidated
. . . TOWARDS A Nomad PROPERTY "
SYSTEM FOR U WITH THE COURT TO OPEN SOUTH usual arrangement of Roma. A COURTYARD TO SEE ALL IN ALL Possoni. CHILDREN AND PUBLIC AREAS TO 'INSIDE THE CENTRAL SQUARE.
LEARN BY ROMI
ROM I spend all their time living. DO NOT PRODUCE, CREATE... A GREAT LESSON FOR ANXIETY PLACE OF PRODUCTION AND THE LEVEL OF OUR TIME.
HOW TO INFORM THE CITY '?
_UPGRADING HOUSING ROM
_CAMPUS UNIVERSITY OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH
_BIBLIOTECA MULTICULTURAL
_LABORATORI THEME
_CAMPI SCOUT (the Roma camp host for short periods scout groups)
Hawaiian Tropic Tropical Flavor
PARTNERSHIP PROJECT:
Massimo Canevacci
PROFESSOR OF ANTHROPOLOGY AT THE CULTURAL POWER 'OF SCIENCES OF COMMUNICATIONS "LA SAPIENZA" DI ROMA
DIRECTOR OF AVATAR JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION
AND' WRITING TO FACEBOOK
PUBLIC HERE THE MAIL THAT I HAVE PERSONALLY SENT TO PROF. Canevacci AND ITS AFFIRMATIVE ANSWER:
"Gent.mo prof. Canevacci
are Cosentino Maria Pia, a student of architecture at the University
I heard a lot about her, of his research, his studies that have fascinated me greatly.
I am preparing an exam in environmental design and urban planning held by prof. Antonino Saggio and area
I have personally chosen (via adjacent to the Arch Travertine) is now occupied by a Roma group.
The design intent is to transform the current settlement by "provisional" to "permanent" through urban renewal and architectural able to make it an "HABITAT" ecologically and economically sustainable.
At the same time, the vision of integration, I find it interesting to make a campus study of the Department of Cultural Anthropology with workshops and outbuildings library where they may carry out research, using the technique of '"participant observation" made famous by the anthropologist Malinowski.
so I would like to speak with her and discuss this project receive his instructions, food for thought in this matter so little known to me which is anthropology.
I know from a student who will receive tomorrow morning and then I politely ask if he could take a few minutes of your time.
Anyway thank you very much.
Cosentino Maria Pia "
" With the greatest pleasure ... I'm just in Brazil and returned May 1 ... okay? "
Monday, April 6, 2009
How Many Menus At A Wedding
Partnership Tonelli_Galeone
CONDITIONS FOR ALTERNATIVA SOCIAL E
natura (l) mente
orti urbani (e non solo!)
Nulla di nuovo nel dire che le città sono fatte di cemento, traffico, inquinamento. I cittadini, noi tutti ogni giorno siamo alle prese con mille probl emi da risolvere nel minor tempo possibile; si corre, si viaggia, si ha fretta, eppure in questo stressante via vai, c'è qualcuno che scorge un piccolo pezzo di terra, ignorato dalla frenesia cittadina e trova il tempo per lavorarlo, coltivarlo usando metodi antichi, dimenticati da un’industria agricola che, per esigenze di mercato, si adegua costantemente alla moderna tecnologia, ha la pazienza di aspettare i suoi frutti . Può apparire fuori dal tempo, fuori da ogni logica di consumo di massa e di vita urbana, eppure il fenomeno degli "orti cittadini" è oggi, come moltissimi anni fa, estremamente attuale. Si tratta di un comportamento spontaneo, non prodotto dai mass-media, molto diffuso che si configura come una sorta di cultura autonoma ben presente in alcuni strati della popolazione con contaminazioni più generali di strati sociali, generazioni e professioni. It is not clear what drives these people to bend over a small sunny field, when the supermarkets can offer, without any physical effort, what you need. First you might think the economic factor, the real thing, but it was more of a savings rather than a gain: the garden city does not give rise to market what is created is indeed a job, but not in true sense of the word. The gardener feels free to conduct its business in ways and times that he considers appropriate, without having Subo rdin are a nobody, is happy to give advice, to deal with others ortisti, without the autonomy is put under discussion is nothing new in saying that cities are made of concrete, traffic and pollution. The citizens, all of us every day we are faced with many problems to be solved as quickly as possible and is running, you travel, you're in a hurry, but in this stressful and going, there is someone who sees a small piece of land, ignored from the hustle and bustle and find time to work it, cultivate it using methods of old, forgotten by the agricultural industry, to market needs, is constantly adapting to modern technology, has the patience to wait for the results. It may seem out of time, beyond any logic of mass consumption and urban life, yet the phenomenon of "urban allotment" is today, how many years ago, very current. This is a spontaneous behavior, not produced by the mass media, which takes the very popular as a sort of autonomous culture well established in some sections of the population with contamination and more general social classes, generations and professions. It is not clear what drives these people to bend over a small sunny field, when the supermarkets can offer, without any physical effort, what you need. First you might think the economic factor, the real thing, but it was more of a savings rather than a gain: the garden city does not give rise to market what is created is indeed a job, but not in true sense of the word. The gardener feels free to conduct its business in ways and times that he considers appropriate, without having to make a nobody, is happy to give advice, to deal with others ortisti without its autonomy is questioned .
THE URBAN QUESTION
The activity of the "Urban Gardens" is widespread in European cities (especially in Holland, Germany, Switzerland, Austria) is an opportunity to organize a public green areas and sometimes reaches the highest levels of quality also in aesthetic terms. Even in Italy and in major cities, gardens can be a p Osita urban and environmental resource for this purpose is considered essential that they find a permanent place in the PRG as a green area with gardens designed, since, among other things, that the degraded areas been abandoned, or related to recovery from a green elementary realize or realized in our city are a total of more than two million square meters, ranging from one thousand square meters to one hundred thousand square meters for each area (census degraded areas in a state of neglect , Division of Parks and Gardens). Should be identified, with a unanimous among urban, owned property and heritage, parks and gardens, areas suitable quality, irrigation, not exposed to heavy pollution dei gas di scarico o di altre fonti inquinanti dell’aria.
UTENTE TIPO (...e non solo!)
La realizzazione degli orti urbani potrebbe essere certamente una positiva risposta soprattutto al problema dell'isolamento di tanti anziani e pensionati. Con tale iniziativa si contribuirebbe a mantenerli autosufficienti e permettere loro un sano impiego. Infatti con questa attività si viene a produrre un vero e proprio legame con la terra, per molti caro ricordo di un’infanzia trascorsa nei campi. Si verrebbe a creare un legame nuovo non più spinto dalla fame e dagli stenti di una guerra e di una ricostruzione difficile, ma dal desiderio di esprimere their knowledge, their resources, their passion for a land that is no longer a livelihood, but mate otherwise empty days and lonely. However, the garden and its precincts can not be regarded as a gilded cage, a 'happy island where the elders simply grow their piece of land. The "urban gardens" are something more, let relations with other people of different ages with different needs, but also their carriers of knowledge that can enrich as well as an old plant may be the elderly. Research shows that the market gardener "type" is men, usually aged between fifty and seventy years old, retired, factory worker, clerk, craftsman, and there are appearances of age and less active in the world of work and, although limited, there is the presence of independent professionals. Women appear to be less involved in this activity, but no one should adopt different allocation criteria. Should be taken into due consideration the phenomenon of desire to garden, to the function and importance that in most social strata and age groups. It is believed that the government could create the conditions to meet the actual demand as possible, while maintaining strong priority to elderly retirees, and their economic status, providing the ability to access assegnazioni anche a portatori di handicap; molte ragazze e ragazzi autosufficienti sarebbero ben felici di partecipare a questa esperienza a contatto con la natura, con persone anziane ma non solo, svolgendo la stessa attività di ortisti.
UTENTE TIPO (...e non solo!)
La realizzazione degli orti urbani potrebbe essere certamente una positiva risposta soprattutto al problema dell'isolamento di tanti anziani e pensionati. Con tale iniziativa si contribuirebbe a mantenerli autosufficienti e permettere loro un sano impiego. Infatti con questa attività si viene a produrre un vero e proprio legame con la terra, per molti caro ricordo di un’infanzia trascorsa nei campi. Si verrebbe a creare un legame nuovo non più spinto dalla fame e dagli stenti di una guerra e di una ricostruzione difficile, ma dal desiderio di esprimere their knowledge, their resources, their passion for a land that is no longer a livelihood, but mate otherwise empty days and lonely. However, the garden and its precincts can not be regarded as a gilded cage, a 'happy island where the elders simply grow their piece of land. The "urban gardens" are something more, let relations with other people of different ages with different needs, but also their carriers of knowledge that can enrich as well as an old plant may be the elderly. Research shows that the market gardener "type" is men, usually aged between fifty and seventy years old, retired, factory worker, clerk, craftsman, and there are appearances of age and less active in the world of work and, although limited, there is the presence of independent professionals. Women appear to be less involved in this activity, but no one should adopt different allocation criteria. Should be taken into due consideration the phenomenon of desire to garden, to the function and importance that in most social strata and age groups. It is believed that the government could create the conditions to meet the actual demand as possible, while maintaining strong priority to elderly retirees, and their economic status, providing the ability to access assegnazioni anche a portatori di handicap; molte ragazze e ragazzi autosufficienti sarebbero ben felici di partecipare a questa esperienza a contatto con la natura, con persone anziane ma non solo, svolgendo la stessa attività di ortisti.
GLI ORTI URBANI NELLA STORIA
Il fenomeno degli orti urbani in Italia esplode nel corso degli anni ‘70 con caratteristiche di recupero spontaneo, da parte dei cittadini, di aree marginali esistenti nel tessuto urbano (sponde di fiumi, aree limitrofe ad aree ferroviarie, ecc.) o di aree agricole, semi-abbandonate, limitrofe to major conurbations. In the first case, the gardens are small or very small, less than one hundred \\ one hundred and fifty square meters in size in the second most important (but always less than five hundred square meters) and are generally associated with small brick or wooden structures that allow both the patient tools is the ability for the host to spend a whole day on the bottom. From the perspective of the size so you can go from a few square meters to a few hundred. The shapes may be regular, when it comes to large areas in installments, or in the case of irregular or marginal areas recovered, while in terms of elevation soils may be flat or even strong pendenza.Alla precarietà italiana fa riscontro una situazione europea su radici più antiche. Nel resto d’Europa si può parlare di organizzazione e pianificazione fin dagli anni ‘20. Oggi gli orti urbani in Svizzera o in Germania costituiscono vere e proprie fasce verdi che si frappongono tra la città costruita prima degli anni ‘40 e le espansioni del secondo dopoguerra. In Olanda, invece, fanno parte integrante della progettazione dei grandi parchi urbani e in Gran Bretagna sono previsti come servizi complementari alla residenza. Esperienze significative In Francia gli orti urbani sono regolati da norme formalizzate in un arco di tempo piuttosto lungo, fra il 1940 e il 1976 che ne definiscono l’impianto e la manutenzione. Nel 1920, in Francia se ne contavano oltre centosettantamila, gestiti in prevalenza dalle compagnie ferroviarie e minerarie. Il fenomeno tuttavia ha registrato un calo notevole negli anni ‘50, ma negli ultimi anni c’e stata una netta ripresa tanto che si è giunti ad una nuova legge (10 novembre 1976) relativa alla protezione degli orti urbani che definisce la possibilità e i requisiti della società, le modalità di esproprio e le condizioni per beneficiare delle sovvenzioni dello Stato.
Un interessante esempio di organizzazione di orti, in Francia, è quello di Crétil, lungo la Marna. Sono lotti rettangolari uguali di ml 8 x 22 e hanno il lato minore perpendicolare the access roads. Every other place is a shed lots of 2 x 2 ml, painted green with a small veranda and surrounded by strips of white wood. Around the cabin is provided a space covered with gravel and adorned with flowers and plants. The fence between the lots are made of wire mesh on which rests a 'trellis, which creates areas with very strong privacy. The experience of Helsinki, Finland, is based on clusters of gardens, of varying sizes between one hundred and fifty and four hundred and fifty square meters, are served by a network of electrification and a water supply that for obvious climatic reasons, only works in summer.
The rent is parameterised by the cost of living and calculated on the basis of square meters in use and personal income, the municipal regulation, by contrast, establishes rules for the maintenance, waste removal, how to fence and construction of the shed, with a specification that can be used only in summer, and continue for several nights. In Italy one of the most interesting experience is that those in Turin, during the '70s, it reached a size of over two million square feet. Even if the gardens had always existed in Turin in the neighborhoods, and their characteristics and their distribution were related to immigration after World War II. In fact, per l’immigrato meridionale di origine contadina, l’orto urbano rappresenta una continuità ideale delle proprie radici. Grazie alle varie riprese aerofotogrammatiche di un gruppo di studio della Facoltà di Architettura di Torino, è stato possibile disegnare una mappa degli orti che ha rilevato una loro maggiore concentrazione lungo gli argini dei corsi d’acqua cittadini: la Stura, la Dora, il Sangone e il Po. La ragione di questa localizzazione è evidente in quanto siamo di fronte a zone dotate di acqua che ne consente una irrigazione facile mediante semplici pompe e sono un luogo piacevole per trascorrere il tempo libero. Altre importanti concentrazioni sono state rilevate lungo le linee ferroviarie e nei quartieri popolari. Merita attenzione la struttura degli orti del quartiere Lucento/La Vallette dove si è razionalizzata una situazione spontanea e, al contempo, creato un parco pubblico con servizi comuni, giochi per bambini e adulti e aree sperimentali con orti scolastici. Le spese di sistemazione delle strade d’accesso principale e la sistemazione della rete idrica sono state affidate al Comune, mentre i privati hanno sistemato le eventuali strutture di ogni singolo orto come la recinzione, il capanno e le serre. Il Comune di Parma ha seguito una via molto simile a quella torinese, ma ha espressamente vietato costruzioni all’interno dei lotti. Non esistono recinzioni interne o cancelli tra un orto e l’altro e il sistema d’irrigazione prevede delle tubazioni con un rubinetto every ten gardens, where water is collected manually with buckets or watering cans. They also inserted a number of initiatives to assist the elderly and in this context is the idea to establish a new type of urban green, a green production to absorb the experience of younger people. There are, finally, the experiences of Ancona and Modena, very similar to each other, as they present purposes for the recovery of the elderly, disabled, and misfits. In Modena, the lots have a size of fifty square meters per user, as in Parma, are forbidden to the development and cultivation of vegetable gardens by people who are not relatives of the grantee. The phenomenon of urban gardens, in its apparent contrast with the use of public land, has the importance it deserves, although often these oases of green among the concrete and smog are low regard among the administrators of the municipalities in our city.
ESSENCE 
contact with nature is, for most of the inhabitants of the city, a privilege rare. A glimpse of a flowering plant, a tree that bravely resists pollution, a terrace full of greenery is an event that captures the look and feel better. The same thing happens when you have the opportunity and the willingness to spend time, even briefly, in the country. Walking in the countryside, feel the smell of earth and grass, the shades of color that come from a field, always different depending on the season, they feel good, as are essential for our mental and physical balance. Many of you must feel more relaxed after a walk in the woods or just in urban parks or gardens at the homes of rural plants, have been shown to have a therapeutic action.
Horticultural Therapy
"Taking care of the earth and plants can give liberation to the soul and a quiet similar to those of meditation." This insight, which had reached even our ancestors, is the basis for modern anti-stress treatments, and to restore physical and mental, that go under the name ortoterapia.
In all ancient civilizations considered the trees were full of great power for good. In some Eastern therapeutic techniques, such as Chinese Qi Gong, is prescribed to hug a tree to get from it, energy support, as well as a reassuring touch. In the Middle Ages, monks, often created gardens in places in hospital, so patients are distracted and overcome moments of depression, related to the disease, walking among the flower beds and paths of the gardens. Contact with the plant world would raise, then, feelings and emotions that have a therapeutic value. Today they are under investigation by science that deals with this form of treatment that would act through the interaction, if only visually, with nature. It is based on the assumption, proven by many scientific studies, that the sight of a green decreases the level of stress in an individual and improves mood. This is a further assertion of Prof. Roger Ulrich, University of Texas, head of the Center for Systems and Design Collages of Healt Architecture and Medicine: Take two groups of patients as homogeneous as possible between them as to age, condition and body weight, occurred as the group enjoyed a "Vista Verde" he recovered much quicker surgical operation being less stressed and psychologically dependent. Experts say hospitals should, therefore, increase the green areas, taking the structure of nursing homes full of nineteenth-century gardens. At that time, was in fact given to plants play an important role because there was an awareness, even in the absence of scientific evidence of their positive effect on humans and animals. In the early 90's come in Italia l’ortoterapia, traduzione della collaudata disciplina anglosassone Horticultural Therapy, che promette effetti benefici sui pazienti affetti da disturbi fisici e psichici grazie al contatto con la natura. Tradotta in italiano suona come “terapia assistita con le piante”. La Horticultural Therapy promuove l’orto - giardinaggio come attività di sostegno alle cure mediche tradizionali per la prevenzione ed il recupero di varie forme di disagio. La sua peculiarità consiste nel poter essere praticata a casa, in giardino o nelle strutture per la coltivazione delle piante annessi agli ospedali, agli istituti di riabilitazione e alle case di riposo . A scoprirne per primo gli effetti benefici sul finire del 1700 fu il padre della psichiatria American Benjamin Rush, who watched as his patients, dedicated to 'horticulture and gardening, could overcome some types of disability on which the normal medicine does not get results. Some studies were also published in the next century, but only from the second decade of the twentieth century were developed with scientific criteria, programs aimed at rehabilitation of people marked by physical and psychological trauma. In the Fifties, Michigan State University included in its educational offer a master's degree in Horticultural Therapy and in 1971 the Kansas State University offered the first undergraduate in the same discipline. Two years after, finally, the American Horticultural Therapy Association (AHTA) which still promotes international horticultural development and all related activities such as rehabilitation and therapeutic tools. The tip ortoterapia innate human affinity for nature to facilitate the recovery of physical and psychological. Caring for living organisms, either alone or in groups, fosters a sense of responsibility and an opportunity to socialize their experiences, and urges the motor activity, helps to overcome their isolation and the impression of being useless. Considered valuable tool in support of the physically disabled elderly people, is also recommended to anyone suffering from stress and anxiety. Many studies have shown how to enjoy the sight of a green facilitates the endurance of pain, the effects of depression and even stimulates the body's recovery during convalescence. In the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan, Germany and England, where the Horticultural Therapy is practiced as a true scientific discipline, has been designed landscapes, gardens and green areas with the help of landscape architects . The gardens usually arise in private homes, botanical gardens, schools, hospices, prisons, hospitals and educational centers for youth at risk. Among the plants, the most suited to this activity considered to be the flower and the aromatic. Plants with hairy leaves stimulate pleasant sensations in people with Alzheimer's and individuals in need of a live contact. In our projects related to horticultural therapy generally arise through the individual initiatives of those who are particularly sensitive to the issue or personally involved. However, Anglo-Saxon countries are the United States in the lead, to guide research and therapeutic trials dell'ortoterapia, an area which also includes the practice of gardening therapeutic use by people with physical and psychological therapeutic gardens. Some experiments are also conducted in Italy, even though our country is in the starting blocks in this area, as pointed out (in an article apparso sulla rivista Acer) il professor Ferrini (docente di Arboricoltura all’Università degli Studi di Milano) e la psicoterapeuta Trombettoni . A Roma c’è per esempio la Casa Dago gestita dall’Associazione per la riabilitazione del comatoso dove, oltre alla pet - therapy, si pratica la horticultural therapy. Qui i ragazzi svegliatisi da un coma più o meno lungo vengono aiutati a curare i postumi del trauma con l’orto-flori-frutticoltura: curando fiori e piante viene accresciuta la loro capacità di attenzione e di responsabilità, insomma curando le piante, curano se stessi. Lo stesso principio ispiratore ha guidato già dal 1998 l’attività di orticultura terapeutica realizzata presso il Centro Diurno "Low cost" in Monza: the elderly with issues of autonomy are involved in the cultivation of vegetables and flowers in order to expedite the rehabilitation, sensory and psychological. In horticultural therapy not only talking about horticultural therapy garden. Great importance is given to the gardens which treatment was given in September 2003 to last an entire area fifth annual Market and exhibition of rare plants, unusual and curious "held at Arona on Lake Maggiore. In 2002, the year of the disabled, has given space to gardens created to measure, such as that made by the City of Turin for the visually impaired that allows them to move between plants and flowers without a companion. To shows they have been presented a "taste" of 15 m, while in Turin the track stretches for half a mile on the hill with a trail of Mary Magdalene with a handrail and equipped with tables, which are described in braille on the natural elements that make up the path. According to Professor Ferrini Trombettoni psychotherapist and therapeutic gardens, like the one in Turin, the disabled manage to win the feeling of loneliness and isolation in which many of them live, forced to stay as they are often confined within four walls. The horticultural therapy in its various forms (horticulture, gardening therapy, therapeutic and healing gardens landscape, that is, visual interaction with a green) represents a supportive therapy to traditional medical care. It seems hardly necessary to observe that the care of the garden - orchard, the garden can benefit not only sick or disabled. All regenerate body and spirit walking through a park, taking care of flowers in the garden or simply sharpening the view among the tall buildings of the city in search of a small green. Certainly everyone has already experienced now recognizes that the merit is all of the therapeutic action of plants or rather of horticultural therapy.
In all ancient civilizations considered the trees were full of great power for good. In some Eastern therapeutic techniques, such as Chinese Qi Gong, is prescribed to hug a tree to get from it, energy support, as well as a reassuring touch. In the Middle Ages, monks, often created gardens in places in hospital, so patients are distracted and overcome moments of depression, related to the disease, walking among the flower beds and paths of the gardens. Contact with the plant world would raise, then, feelings and emotions that have a therapeutic value. Today they are under investigation by science that deals with this form of treatment that would act through the interaction, if only visually, with nature. It is based on the assumption, proven by many scientific studies, that the sight of a green decreases the level of stress in an individual and improves mood. This is a further assertion of Prof. Roger Ulrich, University of Texas, head of the Center for Systems and Design Collages of Healt Architecture and Medicine: Take two groups of patients as homogeneous as possible between them as to age, condition and body weight, occurred as the group enjoyed a "Vista Verde" he recovered much quicker surgical operation being less stressed and psychologically dependent. Experts say hospitals should, therefore, increase the green areas, taking the structure of nursing homes full of nineteenth-century gardens. At that time, was in fact given to plants play an important role because there was an awareness, even in the absence of scientific evidence of their positive effect on humans and animals. In the early 90's come in Italia l’ortoterapia, traduzione della collaudata disciplina anglosassone Horticultural Therapy, che promette effetti benefici sui pazienti affetti da disturbi fisici e psichici grazie al contatto con la natura. Tradotta in italiano suona come “terapia assistita con le piante”. La Horticultural Therapy promuove l’orto - giardinaggio come attività di sostegno alle cure mediche tradizionali per la prevenzione ed il recupero di varie forme di disagio. La sua peculiarità consiste nel poter essere praticata a casa, in giardino o nelle strutture per la coltivazione delle piante annessi agli ospedali, agli istituti di riabilitazione e alle case di riposo . A scoprirne per primo gli effetti benefici sul finire del 1700 fu il padre della psichiatria American Benjamin Rush, who watched as his patients, dedicated to 'horticulture and gardening, could overcome some types of disability on which the normal medicine does not get results. Some studies were also published in the next century, but only from the second decade of the twentieth century were developed with scientific criteria, programs aimed at rehabilitation of people marked by physical and psychological trauma. In the Fifties, Michigan State University included in its educational offer a master's degree in Horticultural Therapy and in 1971 the Kansas State University offered the first undergraduate in the same discipline. Two years after, finally, the American Horticultural Therapy Association (AHTA) which still promotes international horticultural development and all related activities such as rehabilitation and therapeutic tools. The tip ortoterapia innate human affinity for nature to facilitate the recovery of physical and psychological. Caring for living organisms, either alone or in groups, fosters a sense of responsibility and an opportunity to socialize their experiences, and urges the motor activity, helps to overcome their isolation and the impression of being useless. Considered valuable tool in support of the physically disabled elderly people, is also recommended to anyone suffering from stress and anxiety. Many studies have shown how to enjoy the sight of a green facilitates the endurance of pain, the effects of depression and even stimulates the body's recovery during convalescence. In the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan, Germany and England, where the Horticultural Therapy is practiced as a true scientific discipline, has been designed landscapes, gardens and green areas with the help of landscape architects . The gardens usually arise in private homes, botanical gardens, schools, hospices, prisons, hospitals and educational centers for youth at risk. Among the plants, the most suited to this activity considered to be the flower and the aromatic. Plants with hairy leaves stimulate pleasant sensations in people with Alzheimer's and individuals in need of a live contact. In our projects related to horticultural therapy generally arise through the individual initiatives of those who are particularly sensitive to the issue or personally involved. However, Anglo-Saxon countries are the United States in the lead, to guide research and therapeutic trials dell'ortoterapia, an area which also includes the practice of gardening therapeutic use by people with physical and psychological therapeutic gardens. Some experiments are also conducted in Italy, even though our country is in the starting blocks in this area, as pointed out (in an article apparso sulla rivista Acer) il professor Ferrini (docente di Arboricoltura all’Università degli Studi di Milano) e la psicoterapeuta Trombettoni . A Roma c’è per esempio la Casa Dago gestita dall’Associazione per la riabilitazione del comatoso dove, oltre alla pet - therapy, si pratica la horticultural therapy. Qui i ragazzi svegliatisi da un coma più o meno lungo vengono aiutati a curare i postumi del trauma con l’orto-flori-frutticoltura: curando fiori e piante viene accresciuta la loro capacità di attenzione e di responsabilità, insomma curando le piante, curano se stessi. Lo stesso principio ispiratore ha guidato già dal 1998 l’attività di orticultura terapeutica realizzata presso il Centro Diurno "Low cost" in Monza: the elderly with issues of autonomy are involved in the cultivation of vegetables and flowers in order to expedite the rehabilitation, sensory and psychological. In horticultural therapy not only talking about horticultural therapy garden. Great importance is given to the gardens which treatment was given in September 2003 to last an entire area fifth annual Market and exhibition of rare plants, unusual and curious "held at Arona on Lake Maggiore. In 2002, the year of the disabled, has given space to gardens created to measure, such as that made by the City of Turin for the visually impaired that allows them to move between plants and flowers without a companion. To shows they have been presented a "taste" of 15 m, while in Turin the track stretches for half a mile on the hill with a trail of Mary Magdalene with a handrail and equipped with tables, which are described in braille on the natural elements that make up the path. According to Professor Ferrini Trombettoni psychotherapist and therapeutic gardens, like the one in Turin, the disabled manage to win the feeling of loneliness and isolation in which many of them live, forced to stay as they are often confined within four walls. The horticultural therapy in its various forms (horticulture, gardening therapy, therapeutic and healing gardens landscape, that is, visual interaction with a green) represents a supportive therapy to traditional medical care. It seems hardly necessary to observe that the care of the garden - orchard, the garden can benefit not only sick or disabled. All regenerate body and spirit walking through a park, taking care of flowers in the garden or simply sharpening the view among the tall buildings of the city in search of a small green. Certainly everyone has already experienced now recognizes that the merit is all of the therapeutic action of plants or rather of horticultural therapy.
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